![]() ![]() It determines the smallest spot onto which an x-ray beam can be focused. Brilliance is a measure of the intensity and directionality of an x-ray beam. Flux is the number of photons per second passing through a defined area, and is the appropriate measure for experiments that use the entire, unfocused x-ray beam. Both are based on a measure of the number of photons per second in a narrow energy bandwidth and in a unit of solid angle in the horizontal and vertical directions. Flux and brilliance are benchmarks of x-ray beam quality. Third-generation storage rings maximize those x-ray beam qualities, flux and brilliance, that are needed for frontier experimentation. The 7-GeV APS and its sister facilities, the 6-GeV European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in France, and the Super Photon Ring 8-GeV (SPring-8) in Japan, can produce a range of x-rays up to those of the hard (highly penetrating) variety because of higher machine energies. Some, like the Advanced Light Source in California and the SuperACO in France, provide radiation in the ultraviolet/soft x-ray part of the spectrum. When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for bad economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact.Synchrotron storage rings optimized for insertion devices (photo below) are called "third-generation" light sources.Listening to my regular favourites - Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms and so on - I always feel, quite misguidedly, that nothing can be too bad if such beauty and brilliance exists in the world.We are so afraid of our beauty and radiance and brilliance because it scared the adults around us when we were children. ![]()
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